27 Dec 2018, London: Shoreditch & Spitalfields

• Old Street; “there are some suggestions that the road is of ancient origin. It lies on the route of an old Roman or possibly pre-Roman track …, skirting round the walls of Londinium”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Street
• Rivington Street, incl. graffito by Banksy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banksy), showing a security guard who holds a poodle on a leash
• Leonhard’s Church: “Following a partial collapse of the tower in 1716, the medieval church was rebuilt in Palladian style … during 1736–40”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Leonard%27s,_Shoreditch

2018_12_27 London (UK), Shoreditch: Arnold Circus

2018_12_27 London (UK), Spitalfields: Christ Church

2018_12_27 London (UK), Spitalfields: Old Market

2018_12_27 London (UK), Spitalfields: Artillery Passage

• Arnold Circus, with wooded mound and a bandstand. “Until 1891 this was the heart of London’s worst slum, the Old Nichol rookery. Nearly 6000 people lost their homes when the slum was cleared … The rubble from the 730 demolished houses lies under the bandstand” (Harper et al, p.209). Alternatively: “The Boundary Estate is a housing development in Shoreditch, formally opened in 1900 … The estate, constructed from 1890, was one of the earliest social housing schemes built by a local government authority … It replaced the Friars Mount rookery in the Old Nichol. It was built on top of the demolished rookery … It was, arguably, the world’s first council estate [Leo, https://dict.leo.org/englisch-deutsch/council%20estate: “gemeindeeigene Wohnsiedlung”, “Siedlung mit Sozialwohnungen”]. Soil from the foundations was used to construct a mound in the middle of Arnold Circus at the centre of the development, surmounted by a still-extant bandstand. The estate consists of multi-story brick tenements radiating from the central circus…”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_Estate
• Old Truman Brewery, http://trumanbrewery.com/cgi-bin/index.pl
• Brick Lane / “Banglatown”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick_Lane
• Fournier Street, “an ‘east-end’ street of 18th-century houses in Spitalfields … named after a man of Huguenot extraction, George Fournier … the church of Christ Church Spitalfields at its western extremity … built between 1714 and 1729 … widely considered to be the highest expression of English Baroque architecture. … the Ten Bells public house … notorious for its connection with Jack the Ripper during the 1880s”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fournier_Street
• Old Spitalfields Market, https://oldspitalfieldsmarket.com/. “Der Name des Stadtteils geht auf eine Zusammenziehung von hospital fields (deutsch „Spitalfelder“) zurück. 1197 war dort eine Abtei mit dem Krankenhaus Mary’s Spital gegründet worden. Seit dem 17. Jahrhundert gab es den traditionsreichen Obst- und Gemüsemarkt Old Spitalfields Market …“, https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitalfields
• Artillery Passage, british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol27/pp226-236
• Middlesex Street (formerly: Petticoat Lane), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petticoat_Lane_Market.

For the travel path, see Harper et al. (1998/2018): London. Lonely Planet, pp. 208-9 (reversed order).

Context: 3 Jan 2019, Φ Sojourn in London, 27 Dec 2018 – 3 Jan 2019

27 Dec 2018, London Hackney: Ultra Low Emission Streets

London Borough of Hackney: Rivington Street

“We have launched 2 zones … that, during peak hours, will be restricted to walking, cycling and low emissions vehicles only (vehicles that emit less than 75g/km of CO2) … These zones, known as ultra low emissions streets, or ULEV streets, will prioritise low pollution transport, reducing the harmful effects of pollution … during commuting hours, making it easier and safer to walk and cycle and improving the character of the area for residents and businesses … ULEV streets will be in operation Monday to Friday, 7-10am and 4-7pm”, www.hackney.gov.uk/ulev-streets

Context: 3 Jan 2019, Φ Sojourn in London, 27 Dec 2018 – 3 Jan 2019